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- The Fibonacci sequence was documented in Indian mathematics as early as ~200 BC by Pingala, studying the patterns of long and short syllables in Sanskrit poetry.
- The ratio of consecutive Fibonacci numbers converges to the golden ratio φ ≈ 1.618, which appears in the spiral arrangement of seeds in sunflowers, scales in pinecones, and the arms of spiral galaxies.
- Leonardo Fibonacci introduced the sequence to Europe in his 1202 book "Liber Abaci," using it to model rabbit population growth — and transformed European mathematics by popularizing Hindu-Arabic numerals.